????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???, ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? 6 ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ???. ????????????? ??????????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??. ?? ?????, ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????. ???, ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????, ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????.

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???????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??, ??????, ???????? ??? ????????????? ????? ??. ??????????????, ???????? ?? ??? ? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? 50,000 ?? ????? ??. ?? ??, ???????? ?????? ????????? ???, ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??, ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? (??????) ?? ????. ?????, ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???, ???????????? ????????? ????? ?????, ?????? ???, ???, ??????????, ?? ???? ??, ????? ????, ????? ? ????, ????? ? ure ??? ... ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???. ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??, ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??.

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???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ??, ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??. 140,000 ?? ????? ????, ???? ??? ?? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???.

???????? ???????????

???????? ????? 18 ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??. ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??. ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? II ?????? ????????? ?????? ????. ??????? ??? ??????? "????? ????" ????? ??????? ?????? ??. ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? 90 ?????? ??. ???? ?? ?? ?? une ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ????, ???? "????? ?? ? ?????" ?? ???????? ??? ??. ???????? ????? ? 18 ?? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??, ??? ??? ??????? ????????? 50 ???? ???? ?????? ???. ????? ???? ????, ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??.

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???????? ????? -????? ?????? ????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??, ???? ???? million. Million ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????, ??????????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??.

1 ?????????, 1895 ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????-?????? ???????? ????, ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????-???????? ???????? ??. ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????. ??????? 1943 ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???; ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ????????? ????? ???.